In your free time, you like to design various electrical circuits to give a hard time to your local circuit makers by ordering them to build it for you.
Recently, a skilled circuit maker has appeared in town and helping all the others by representing your given circuits as a planar graph. A planar graph is such a graph that can be drawn on the plane in such a way that its edges intersect only at their endpoints. In other words, it can be drawn in such a way that no edges cross each other. It is crucial for a circuit to be a planar graph. You should also note that, even if you draw a graph and think it as non-planar, it maybe possible to represent it as a planar graph. On the image below, by looking at the first image, it may seem like it's a non-planar graph. But it can represented in the following two ways as a planar graph. So previously the circuits you designed thinking as a non-planar graph was somehow represented as a planar graph by this newcomer.
Now for tackling this skilled maker, you have to give him a non-planar graph, so that he cannot build a circuit using it. You have already written a computer program that generates a random connected simple graph. Now your work is to determine if the generated graph is non-planar or not.
Checking planarity is hard. After some digging, you came upon these following formula which will ensure that if the conditions are true, the graph will be non-planar. There might be some graphs which are non-planar and doesn't meet these conditions but you don't want to be bothered by them. (The conditions are necessary but not sufficient)
For a connected planar graph having v vertices and e edges, where v ≥ 3, the following holds:
Using this formula, you job is to check for each given graph, if it is non-planar or not.
Input starts with an integer (), denoting the number of test cases.
Each test case starts with a line containing two integers, and (, ). Each of the next lines contains two integers, and , an edge between vertices and ().
For each test case, print the case number and “Yes” or “No”, without the quotes, depending on the graph being non-planar or not.
Input | Output |
---|---|
2 3 3 0 1 0 2 1 2 5 10 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 1 2 1 3 1 4 2 3 2 4 3 4 | Case 1: No Case 2: Yes |